Analysis Of The Movie Father Of The Bride - 1601 Words

Chelsey Tate Mullens 4/11/16 FLM 352 Who Presents This Woman? Gender Roles in Father of the Bride â€Å"Who giveth/presents this woman?† is asked by the priest in Vincente Minelli’s 1950 film Father of the Bride and in Charles Shyer’s 1991 remake of the same name, respectively. Both films are extremely similar in content, as the remake borrows heavily on dialogue, temperament of characters, scene progression, and the overall essence of the theme of adoration between a father and his daughter, even though they are set 41 years apart. It would be foolish to say that post-war 1950s gender roles of the original film are the same of those of 90s remake, but regardless of the vast societal progressions and gradual increase of women’s rights from the 50s to the 90s (and now) there is still a subconscious stereotype of a â€Å"traditional† family that conforms to the ideas of gender roles that live within films of today. Both versions of Father of the Bride tell the same story of a loving, but overprotective father (Stanley Banks, played by Spencer Tracey in the original film and George Banks, played by Steve Martin in the remake) reluctant to cope with the fact that his daughter (Elizabeth Taylor as Kay and Kimberly Williams as Annie) is getting married and thus, growing up, or, leaving one man to go live with another. In addition to this life crisis, each father becomes increasingly and comically preoccupied with the diminishing contents of his wallet rather than the actual planningShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of The Princess Bride And A Pair Of Tickets1744 Words   |  7 PagesTheir Quest to Find Themselves in the Face of Adversity: An Analysis of The Princess Bride, Divergent and â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† and How Vampirism and Quests make the stories what they are. Writing a story is difficult. 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Reflective Practice Communication Skills

Question: Discuss about the Reflective Practice for Communication Skills. Answer: Introduction Communication is one of the most important elements that should be given much consideration in every individual interaction. The approaches in which an individual interact with people, they are connected or have a common goal to share with influences the kind of interactive relationship they will have. Communication is inclusive of both verbal and nonverbal communication (Broadbent, 2013). However, non-verbal communication may send a lot of information to another party. Best communication behaviors are influenced by the formation of effective communication skills traits. Some of the communication skills traits are inborn while others are learned. Developing effective communication skills especially from a younger age is essential as it helps the youths prepare for future interactions both socially and in the global market. It is significant to note that students who are equipped with excellent communication skills stand a better chance to grasping better employment opportunities and passing interviews as compared to students with poor communication skills. Development of effective communication skills will require students to be more acquainted to communication diagnostic tools. Communication diagnostic tools are described as the tools that individuals should emphasis on so as to enhance their communication skills (Swineford et al.2014). Some communication diagnostic tools include Johari Window, Communications Style Questionnaire, Assertiveness Questionnaires, role play activities and practice. Communication Diagnostic Tools Johari Window is a communication replica whose functionality is to enhance proper understanding among two or more individuals (Reece Reece, 2016). Johari window communication tool was developed with two key ideas. The first approach argues that people can build trust with others when they can disclose information about themselves. The second idea explains that feedback from other people or experts can help one to learn about him/her and therefore come into requisites with their personal problems. Communication style questionnaire is an interaction model that is meant to help people develop and grow their communication techniques (Hmlinen, Luoma Saarinen, 2013). The communication style questionnaire as a tool for effective communication development is aimed at helping individuals to test their communication quality at a personal level and also that of others. The importance of communication style questionnaire includes; helping people to develop their perspective, it enables individuals to discover their learning strengths and that of others (Ma Oxford, 2014). Communication questionnaire also helps in personal plan development and how to achieve their potentials with regards to communication. Communication questionnaires thus serve the role of assisting natives to develop better methods of interacting with other people as they can identify how they communicate (Gee, 2014). Assertive questionnaires use communication models geared towards helping an individual develop self-esteem and confidence while at the same time mentoring individuals towards self-understanding. Assertive questionnaire as a communication model primary significance lies in its ability to convince individuals to speak for themselves without any fear as it encourages aggressiveness (Cooper, 2015). Role play activity is a communication model that helps individuals mainly students to prepare for difficult conversations and situations. The design often occurs among two or more individuals who act out roles with intent of exploring certain specified conditions (Barker, Quennerstedt Annerstedt, 2015). Role play assists in building up experience and self-confidence especially in handling real life situation that requires an efficient communication application. Practice is a diagnostic communication technique whose aim is to help people develop better communication skills. The method can be applied by use of various methods. One of the common ways of enhancing communication through practice is by training whereby individuals are trained on different effective communication approaches. In schools, teachers help students develop effective communication by engaging them in debating, public speaking, and participation in other co-curriculum activities that require an interactive engagement (Ang, 2015). Role play can be used in the following steps respectively; identifying a situation, elaborating about the situation, allocation of functions, Using Communication Styles to Analyze Communication Diagnostic Tools Johari window can be used in enhancing both verbal and nonverbal communication skills. Johari window as interface designs can help in developing effective listening skills and better use of nonverbal communication techniques such as the use of gestures in communicating to people. The diagnostic tool is best for use among all individuals, through Johari window I can get feedback from people on my communication skills and thus find it easy to correct on my weaknesses (Quinn et al..2014). Communication style and assertive questionnaires will help me in developing communication skills such as confidence and built up of my self-esteem. Through build, up confidence, I will be able to present myself both verbally and nonverbally without fear quickly. Communication style questionnaire will also help me built up on communication skills give me a hand to understand others and be tolerated with other people way of life and conduct. The questionnaires are therefore important in developing communication skills such as understanding, tolerance, self-esteem and confidence (Daft, Richard, and Dorothy, 2013). Role play activity and practice will help me develop effective communication skills such as relaxation, confidence, and self-belief. Through role play, I can deal with nervousness during difficult conversations. Thus dealing with nervousness will help me relax and built on confidence. Through role play, I am also able to gain self-experience that will assist me in being assertive as I will be able to believe in myself as an individual and develop aggressiveness. Practice will also help me in developing both verbal and non-verbal communication skills as through continuous practice I can evaluate myself and at the same time receive feedback from people thus leading to the development of better communication skills traits. Communication Issues That Require Development The two primary communication skills that need developments are practice and role play. Practice as a communication diagnosis needs to be continually developed so that it is in line with modern communication trends. Development of method should be influenced by globalization which has led to changes in technology and cultural modes of communication (Cornelissen, 2014). Roleplay should be developed to suit professional standards, and this is an implication that only experienced and qualified personnel should be allowed to mentor students on role play roles. People can gain better experience when trained by qualified personnel than nonprofessionals. My Recent Professional Interaction Recently, I was assigned the responsibility of representing my school in project presentation outside the country. This was a fulfilling opportunity for me to develop my talent in public speaking. Two months ago, I had the chance to work as a social worker at a hospital in my town. My roles involved counseling and dealing with other social issues reported by patients. Relations between My Professional Interactions and Communication Issues Requiring Development Through my professional interactions, I realized that practice still required development. For instance, during my project presentation, I had to be confidence and audible so that everyone would understand what I was explaining to them. This was made possible by continuous practice before presentation of the project. I also realize that I was not nervous as I had participated in a role practice. During my apprentice as a social worker, I had to exercise a high level of self-esteem and also to be tolerant with the patients as they were from different backgrounds. Understanding the patients and effective listening to their problems were my essential communication skills as I was playing the role of a professional social worker. Through the two interactions, I realize that personal communication development is crucial as it precipitates development of self-esteem, understanding, confidence and patience. Concepts of Practice Effective communication practice requires the application of various communication concepts. Best communication practices can help people even the most reluctant individuals to become better effective communicators. There are different concepts of practice in communication. Some of these concepts include; being relatable, use of emphasis to communicate key points, active listening, and customization of communication styles for each employee and ensuring audience comfortability. Other methods include asking questions before one speaks and being available. Being relatable as a communication practice requires an individual to be well acquainted with people that they work with or share a common goal. Some of the relatable actions that one can apply in developing effective communication skills are making exceptional efforts of getting to know your colleagues at a personal level (Gasparini, 2014). This may include engaging in informal chats or showing interests on their livelihood. Use of emphasis to communicate key point is an effective communication practice that enables the audience to realize the importance of the point being conveyed to them. This creates a better understanding and also increases self-esteem and confidence of audience as they can confidently apply what they have learned without fear. Emphasis is created through repetition of the main key points. A trainer can also use focus on certain key point by using them as slogans in events or any other relevant meeting places. Active listening is a strong communication practice as it sends a message of tolerance during a conversation. It is advisable for individuals to frequently listen to other people matters of concern even if they may look dull. Active listening enhances confidentiality and enables individuals to practice patience and tolerance. Customization of communication styles for each employee is an equity approach. This model of practice is based on the argument that workers or people that we interact with regularly are different from each other and we can therefore not use one approach in dealing with them (O'Sullivan Partridge, 2016). Ensuring audience comfortability, on the other hand, means using words and language that is best understood by audience and people associated with you during a communication pattern. Asking questions before one speaks is a communication practice that discourages assumptions and encourages awareness creation (Omilion-Hodge Baker, 2014). Role Play Activity Concepts Role play is a communication diagnostic tool that requires individuals to engage in a speaking activity. Effective communication is best developed when people can speak and express themselves (Light McNaughton, 2014). During a role play, an individual is expected to put themselves in someone else's shoe or fit into an imaginary situation. Theoretically, role play helps individuals develop self-confidence as they can get used to some awkward conversation through practice (Akey, 2016). Role play concepts can be both theoretical and practical. The useful concept of role play includes; acting and being an imaginary person (Barber et al. 2016). Acting is a role play idea where individuals put themselves in the shoes of someone else and try to portray behaviors of the persons. Role play is essential in helping an individual in developing high self-esteem and confidence. Through acting, individuals get an experience of easily doing things that they were not able to do before. For instance, through role play, people or even students can learn on how to express and defend themselves. Self-expression is one of the most important keys to winning a job interview or clients for business personnel. Acting as a role play is, therefore, an important tool for developing effective communication skills that can be used both formally and informally. Besides, putting yourself in other people shoes will enable me to practice tolerance and patience with other people. Tolerance and pati ence are key professional concepts required of every individual at the workplace or in any organization. Another role play concept is imaginary people, in this concept an individual practice on a behavior of fitting into someone shoes. Imaginary role play is most commonly used in schools to help students develop effective communication patterns. During the imaginary process, students are often allowed to take in the opinion of others. Some activities that students engage in during an imaginary process include debates and public speaking; these activities often help students in developing communication skills such as being audible, maintaining nonverbal conduct with people they are addressing and develop self-confidence. Role-play can also be developed through a theoretical situation concept. During this process, the use of functional language for various situations is often expressed and practiced through role play. For instance, arranging and distribution of important office documents to different stakeholders at their residence or workplace is an example of a role play by staff. Theoretically, it is agreed upon by psychologists that learning can best be improved when individuals especially the preschool children are involved in memorial and engaging activities. However, role play does not only apply to children but people of all ages. Roleplay should be encouraged because it is fun, allows people the chance to express themselves and broadens the reasonable relationship to include external relationships. Roles play also enable people to understand the consequences of their behaviors. Through role play, professionals can develop theoretical and practical approaches to dealing with conflicts as role play helps in identifying problem options and solutions. Role play is valuable as it allows people to make mistakes in a nonthreatening condition. This is because it permits people to test various solutions until they come up with a more appropriate solution (Baile Blatner, 2014). For instance, in schools students are given a chance to compete in public speaking through the different level. Due to motivation, most students often struggle to continuously update their presentation skills until they are convinced they have earned the best skills for presentation. Practice and role play as diagnostic communication tools requires implementation of effective techniques that will ensure that the tools are well developed and can be easily understood. The following are action plan methods for the diagnostic communication tools. As an action plan practice can be developed through various techniques. First practice can be developed through training. Training can either be through learning or through attending training workshops. For instance, one can practice effective communication skills but enroll for short courses programs whose aim is towards enhancing communication skills. Such course titles are Developing effective communication relations" and communication and public relations courses.' Undertaking such courses will enable people to acquire skills that are required when communicating. Achievement of effective communication skills through training and learning in an institution can be measured in several ways. One way is through making the students do both practical and theory in exams so as to test their understanding. The second way is through observing students daily interactions with others after the lessons and during the institutionally based programs. Another mode of active communication practice is to read articles and journals, watching and listening to sources that guide on the development of effective communication techniques. Continuous books reading habit enable individuals to gain knowledge and also to learn from others people achievements and mistakes (Fischer OConnor, 2014). People mainly students or employees at the workplace may decide to form a small group which can help them develop each other communication techniques. For example, during the group meeting, everyone should be allowed to participate so as to get an overview of the presentation quality after which a feedback should be realized. Feedback release enables people to identify their mistakes and come up with solutions to their issues. For instance, comments on poor presentation will push a worker or student in getting to know how a quality performance should be conducted. Over time, the person will be able to gain confidence in presentation due to awareness of the communication techniques. Success in these situations measured when an individual can present themselves in front of people without nervousness or fear of making mistakes. Role play can be developed through maintenance of personal journals whereby students keep detailed information of what they have learned pertaining certain actions on their journals. This will help the students to reflect on what they have learnt easily. Another mode of developing role play is through developing reading and research plan before they embark into any acting role activity. For instance, students, who want to learn on how to communicate to a large crowd should first consult different reading sources on the topic, summarize the information they get then act out for others. This will help them to easily remember what they have learned and also act as a point of emphasis (Luna, 2015). Reading of self-help books will also assist individuals in developing the imaginary process during a role play. Self-help books are meant to acquaint individuals with divergent ideas that will improve on their imaginary process. Role play can be measured by observing people actions and reactio n towards certain situations and on how people involved in a role play handle difficult communication processes. Both role play and practice requires an identification of mentors who will help individuals develop their desired effective communication techniques. In an institutional setting, the teacher is always the mentor while in a role play or during a training process the supervisor is always the mentor. Individuals may also decide o have personal, professional mentors who will help them develop their communication skills and guide them through various problem-solving techniques. References Akey, B. C. A., Jiang, X., Antwi, H. A., Torku, E. (2016). Evolution of Diversity Management projects Among Multinational Firms: Lessons from Developing Economies. Ang, S. C. (2015). Developing Social and Emotional Learning approach in Physical Education: The Contextualized Appropriation of Sports Education (Doctoral dissertation, University of Waikato). Baile, W. F., Blatner, A. (2014). Communication skills techniques applicable during teaching: using action methods to enhance role-play in problem-based learning. Healthcare Simulation, 9(4), 220-227. Barber, Saffo, Gilpin, Craft Goldstein, H. (2016). Peers as clinicians: Examining the Impact of Role Play Talk on social communication in young preschoolers with autism. Journal of communication disorders, 59, 1-15. Barker, D., Quennerstedt, M., Annerstedt, C. (2015). Interaction among and student learning in health and physical education: A post-Vygotskian analysis. Sports and Sports Pedagogy, 20(4), 409-426. Broadbent, D. E. (2013). Perception and communication. Elsevier. Cooper, C. (2015). Individual differences and personality. Routledge. Cornelissen, J. (2014). Professional communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Daft, Richard L., and Dorothy Marcic. Building management skills: An action-first approach. Cengage Learning, 2013. Fischer, C., O'Connor, B. N. (2014). Informal learning at workplaces: Understanding learning culture as a challenge for organizational and individual development. In Discourses on Professional Learning (pp. 11-24). Springer Netherlands. Gasparini, D. H. (2014). Self-Advocacy; The relevance of Building Interpersonal-Communication and Help-Seeking Skills in Elementary School Children. Gee, J. P. (2014). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method. Routledge. Hmlinen, R. P., Luoma, J., Saarinen, E. (2013). Necessities of behavioral operational research: The case of understanding and communicating with dynamic systems. European Journal of Operational Research, 228(3), 623-634. Light, J., McNaughton, D. (2014). Communicative competence for individuals in need of augmentative and alternative communication: A new definition for a new era of communication. Luna Scott, C. (2015). The Futures of Learning 3: pedagogies type for the 21st century. Ma, R., Oxford, R. L. (2014). A study guide focusing on listening and speaking: The evolving interaction of learning styles and learning strategies in a motivated, advanced ESL learner. System, 43, 101-113. Omilion-Hodges, L. M., Baker, C. R. (2014). Daily talk and convincing conversations: Utilizing strategic internal communication. Business Horizons, 57(3), 435-445. O'Sullivan, C., Partridge, H. (2016). Organizational Change and Renewal: Application of Strategic Communication Methods in relieving the Pain. A Case Study from the University of Southern Queensland. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 22(2-3), 282-293. Quinn, R. E., Bright, D., Faerman, S. R., Thompson, M. P., McGrath, M. R. (2014). Becoming a master manager: A competing values approach. John Wiley Sons. Reece, B., Reece, M. (2016). Effective human relations: Interpersonal and organizational applications. Cengage Learning. Swineford, Thurm, Baird, Wetherby Swedo, S. (2014). Social communication disorder: a research review of this new DSM-5 diagnostic category. Journal of neuron developmental disorders, 6(1), 41.

Sine Cosin and Tangent free essay sample

Plot is a sequential or complex arrangement or development of events in a novel. It is everything that happens in a story and why and how it happened. The plot usually unfolds all the action in a story through climax, anti-climax, simple or compound plot. Plot is a series of events; the plot of this novel is basically vengeance as the title implies. The summary as well as the plot is rather similar so therefore they will be discussed together. The text Vengeance by Ayo Olaosebikan is praise worthy, commendable and of course an approved play teaching moral, as well as, a play on the tragedy of students. It is a good example of a work that was the Nigerian tertiary institution as its physical setting. The rich use of proverbs and adages are clearly stated and obvious in the text. The proverbs convey and interpret the messages intended clearly and convincingly, the storyline and the plot is straightforward. We will write a custom essay sample on Sine Cosin and Tangent or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though, the scenes build up cumulatively from Act one to Act five serves as a social satire. It was written to create the impression that ‘tough times never last, but tough people do’. It also teaches that it is good to be good, the play is didactic. So, the physical setting notwithstanding, the play suits all levels of learning. The story is about the ‘acada wizard Ibekwe who fortunately sponsored by his dear cousin Mr. Anderson, to have the education of his dreams in the Otutuechi University. During his stay in college, he was indeed a very studious and hardworking student, but then, he encountered obstacles. Little did he know that his almost perfect smooth life was coming to an abrupt end. First, his lecturer, Dr. Biatu, was hell bent on making his career rupture. His nightmares came to reality and worst of all; he was on the verge of becoming a school dropout. All these occurrences may have even become a reality if not for his ever helping cousin, Mr. Anderson, his graduation angel Dr. Bolu and his good behaviour which enabled him to successfully graduate from Otutuechi University. In the prospect that is in this text, Vengeance means revenge or repaying someone for their bad deeds, or doings hence this was the case between Ibekwe and Biatu. In the next eight years, after Ibekwe had successfully graduated from the university, he became a Commander – in-chief and during the war, the ‘Commander-in- Chief’ was to go to Otutuechi University in Dubem state to examine those who were to be approved or disapproved from the military camp. Fortunately, the lucky ones were taken to the civilian territory while the unlucky ones were taken for military training. You can guess that, those in the military training died. Successfully, the war ended and they were victorious. The teachers who tried to ruin his career died and his guardian angels survived. Hence, an important and obvious message is ‘it is very good to be good and very bad to be bad. ’ Finally, the playwright of vengeance has diligently created the notion that language and communication skills are the bedrock of all meaningful education attainment in any part of the world. The victory of evil over good is only temporary across, to both teachers and students worldwide. Evil seems triumphant in our educational institutions and students are fortunate. This playwright restores hope to students who are being oppressed. It also sends a message of caution to elders of today to be careful in their actions, for the law of nemesis stands. Structure Structure is the way in which the part of something, or in this case, the novel, are connected together, arranged or organised. ‘Vengeance’ is made up of five acts. In the first act there are three scenes. In the second act there are five scenes. In the third act there are six scenes. In the fourth act there are also six scenes. Finally, in the fifth act, we have four scenes. The literature text comprises of 93 pages. It contains the dedication, gratitude, searchlight, foreword, dramatis personae, glossary and the drama itself. Themes This is the subject or main idea in a piece of writing, play, or work of art. Themes are also defined as what the story is about. The theme is the main idea or general idea. The themes in Vengeance are: 1) Revenge: This is an act of doing something in order to make somebody suffer because they have made you suffer. Ibekwe sought revenge on Dr Biatu when he had the power, authority and was in a higher rank to make him suffer as he pleased during his university education. 2) Obstacles: Obstacles are stumbling blocks, a situation or an event that makes it difficult to achieve or accomplish something. In the text, we can observe the obstacles in the life and story of Ibekwe , which include- Dr Biatu’s continuous wickedness towards him, the death of nearly all his nuclear family members, and at that time not enough money to further his education. All these obstacles nearly hindered Ibekwe’s problem. 3) Deceit: This is a dishonest and terrible act or behaviour that is intended to make somebody or someone believe something that is untrue. In this text, Biatu is seen as a very deceitful character as he deceives both his family; by making them believe he is a respectable father and husband not knowing that he is an irresponsible paedophile. He as well deceives his female students, telling them he will marry them instead, impregnating them and worst of all leaving them useless and hindering their education. 4) Evil: This is an extremely unpleasant force that causes bad things to happen. It is enjoying harming others physically and mentally. Most of the themes e. g. deceit and revenge are evil acts so as such Biatu symbolized evil as he enjoyed doing harm to Ibekwe emotionally by harming his academics. 5) Determination: This is a quality one possesses that makes you continue trying to do something even when there are obstacles and the situation is difficult. In the text, ‘Vengeance’, Ibekwe was clearly the symbol of determination from the beginning of his life to the end. First he was determined to go to Otutuechi University by passing his exams, as well as, being determined to be useful in life through all his trials and tribulations as such became a commander in chief leading his state out of war. 6) Karma: this is the sum of somebody’s good and bad actions in their life, believed to decide what would happen in the next life. For example, iin the text, ‘Vengeance’, we can see that dr. Biatu made Ibekwe’s life miserable and served as a nuisance to his life. In the next life(8 yearts ago) to be precise, Ibekwe does the same and indeed succeeds in doing worse. The law of Ibekwe states, â€Å"What goes around goes around†. 7) Hope: this is an act of trusting in someone or something that a situation will be alright. In the text, we can tell that Nkiru and Ibekwe were alike in so many ways: a) their optimistic attitude towards life and their great hope in god that all will be well. 8) Good deeds: good deeds are those acxts done by someone with an immaculate heart who is caring and 9) Wickedness 10) Oppression DRAMTIS PERSONAE Ibekwe : Student, Political Science Department Mazi Anyahora: Ibekwe’s father Nhiru : Ibekwe’s Mother Tombo: Dr. Anderson’s houseboy Dr. Anderson: Mazi Anyahora’s nephew Dr. Bolu; Senior Lecturer in Political Science Department; Dr. Anderson’s friend Obinna : Ibekwe’s friend Dr. Biatu : Senior Lecturer in Political Science Department Lucy : Ibekwe’s classmate Bonfo : Ibekwe’s classmate Lauretta : Ibekwe’s classmate Chima : Ibekwe’s classmate Mayowa : Ibekwe’s classmate Tobias : Ibekwe’s brother Tochukwu : Ibekwe’s brother Professor Efekwachi ; Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences, Otutuechi University, Dubem Professor Orofo : Head, Political Science Department Dr(Mrs) Maduekwe : Senior Lecturer in Political Science Department Dr. Chiedu

Greco roman art Essays

Greco roman art Essays Greco roman art Essay Greco roman art Essay Many elements weight over five tons and the capitals and architraves almost ten tons More on the Parthenon: Calibrates and Stations Parthenon Acropolis, Athens 447-438 BCC/Classical pennon Greeks recognized that our visual perception is not flawless and that it is influenced by our mental assumptions. Stations and Calibrates used an astonishing series of optical refinements in the proportions of the Parthenon to make it appear perfectly regular and rectangular to he human eye. Exact measurement of the Parthenon has revealed many apparently intentional deviations from regularity and rectangular. The Greeks realized that we perceive vertical lines as sloping and horizontal lines as sagging in the center. They corrected for these human errors in perception. The platform and stairs curve upward, as does the untreatable (but to a lesser degree, presumably because it was farther from the viewers eye). : The columns and untreatable also slope inward slightly to prevent their appearing to slope outward. Effect of their being silhouetted against the sky. The diameter of the columns bulges out by two-thirds of an inch part-way up to accommodate the human assumption that the columns will be slightly compressed by the weight they appear to bear (entities), and the illusion of regular spacing among the columns is created by spacing that is actually irregular. The result is what many perceive as the most perfectly proportioned building ever created. Just as the contemporary Doorposts by Polytheists may be seen as the culmination of nearly two centuries searching for the ideal proportions of the various human bodily parts, so, too, the Parthenon may be viewed as the ideal solution to the Greek architects quest for perfect proportions in Doric temple design. Its well-spaced columns, with their slender shafts, and the capitals, with their straight-sided conical Chinese, are the ultimate refinement of the bulging and squat Doric columns and compressed capitals of the Archaic Temple of Hear at Pesetas, Italy, c. 40 BCC. The Parthenon architects and Polytheists, the Doorposts sculptor were kindred spirits in their belief that beautiful proportions resulted from strict adherence to harmonious numerical ratios, whether they were designing a temple more than 200 feet long or a life-size statue of a nude man. The Parathions harmonious design and mathematical precision of the sizes of its constituent elements tend to obscure the fact this temple, as actually constructed, is quite irregular in shape. Throughout the building are pronounced deviations from the strictly horizontal and vertical lines assumed to be the basis of all Greek post- and-lintel structures. For ex. , the stalemate curves upward at the center on both the sides and the fade, forming a kind of shallow dome, and this curvature is carried up into the untreatable. Moreover, the priestly columns lean inward slightly. Those t the corners have a diagonal inclination and are also about 2 inches thicker than the rest. If their lines are continued, they would meet about one and one-half miles above the temple. These deviations from the norm meant that virtually every Parthenon block and drum had to be carved according to the special set of specifications its unique place in the structure dictated. This was obviously a daunting task, and a reason must have existed for these so- called refinements in the Parthenon. Some modern observers note, how the curving of horizontal lines and the tilting of vertical ones create a dynamic balance in the alludinga kind of architectural contrastsand give it a sense of life. The oldest recorded explanation, however, may be the correct one. Vitreous, a Roman architect of the late first century BCC who claims to have had access to the treatise on the Parthenon Stations wroteagain note the kinship with the Canon of Polytheistsmaintains that these adjustments were made to compensate for optical illusions. Vitreous states that if the stalemate is laid out on a level surface, it will thicker since they are surrounded by light and would otherwise appear thinner than their neighbors. Ex. Of Ionic Temple 0 Temple of Athena Nikkei, Acropolis, Athens, c. 427-424 BCC. 0 Slenderer proportions than Doric 0 Scroll capitals 0 Continuous sculpted frieze 0 Mephistopheles planthat is, porch at each end 0 Surrounded by parapet, or low wall, faced with sculpted panels depicting Athena presiding over her winged attendants, called Nines (Victories), as they prepared for a celebration. O Ex. Nikkei Adjusting Her Sandal 0 Bends forward gracefully, causes ample chitin to slip off one shoulder. Large wings, one open and one closed, effectively balance this unstable pose 0 Unlike creative swirls of heavy fabric covering the Parathions Three Goddesses or the weighty pleats of the robes of the Rescissions (another example of an Ionic Temple) caryatids, the textile covering this Nikkei appears delicate and light, clinging to the body like wet silk, one the most discreetly erotic images in ancient art Corinthian order 0 Originally developed by the Greeks for use in interiors, but came t o be used on temple exteriors as well. Elaborate capitals are sheathed with stylized acanthus leaves 0 Romans appropriated the Corinthian order and elaborated it Roman Classicism The Romans admired Greek art. They imported Greek originals by the thousands and had them copied in even greater numbers. Also some of their own works were based on Greek sources, and many of their artists, from Republican times (51()- 31 BCC) to the end of the empire (31 BCC-410 CE), were of Greek origin. Roman authors tell us a good deal about the development of Greek art as it was described in Greek writings on the subject. They also discuss Roman art during the early days of the Republic, of which almost no trace survived today. However, they show little concern with the art of their own time. And, except for Vitreous, whose treatise on architecture is of great importance for later eras, the Romans never developed a rich literature on the history and theory of their art such as the Greeks had. Indeed, some prominent Romans even viewed their own art as degenerate compared with the extraordinary achievements of the Greeks. Roman portraiture From literary accounts, we know that the Senate honored Romeos great political and Republican times and was to continue until the end of the empire many hundred years later. It probably arose from the Greek practice of placing votive statues of athletes and other important individuals in sanctuaries such as the Acropolis, Delphi, and Olympiaa practice that was gradually secularists during the Classical and Hellenic periods. Our first indication off clearly Roman portrait style occurs around 100 BCC. It parallels an ancient custom. When the male head of the family died, he was honored with a wax portrait, which was then preserved in a special shrine or family altar. At funerals, these ancestral images were carried in the procession, and masks were even made from them for chosen participants to wear, in order to create a living parade of the familys illustrious ancestors. Such mimicry may have fostered a desire among the Roman elite for similarly true-to-life portraits in bronze and marble. Verses Ex. Head of a Roman Patrician (Head of an Old Roman) c. 75-50 BCC marble, approximately 1 2 Somber face, grave demeanor. Project patriarchal dignity. Detailed record of the faces topography, in which the sitters character appears only incidentally. This style is verses, a documentary realism. The features are true to life, but the sculptor has emphasized them selectively to bring out a specifically Roman personality: stern, rugged, devoted to duty. It is a father image of daunting authority. The facial details are like individual biographical data that distinguish it from others. Ex. Augustus from Portrait Early 1st century CE (perhaps a copy of a bronze statue of c. 20 BCC) Marble, originally colored, 6 8 high New trend in Roman portraiture, which reaches a climax in the images of Augustus himself. Sophisticated combination of Greek idealism and Roman individualityin effect, a new Augustan ideal. This was the most popular image of the emperor. Heroic, idealized body which is derived from the Doorposts of Polytheists. Augustus, the emperor, reaches out toward us as if to address us in person. His concreteness of surface texture that conveys the actual touch of cloth, metal, and leather. The breastplate illustrates Augustus diplomatic triumph over the Parthian in 20 BCC, when he recovered the legionary standards lost in Roman defeats in 53 and 36 BCC. His head is idealized. Small details are omitted, and the focus on the eyes gives it something of an inspired look. Even so, the face is a definite, individual likeness, as we know from many other portraits of Augustus. All Romans would have recognized it immediately, for they knew it from coins and countless other representations. Augustus of Portrait Focus on the individual Greek pose, roman clothes Emperor Augustus The importer and creator of Fax Roman stands in a contrasts that echoes the one of classical Greek athletes, such as the Doorposts of Polytheists. The cupid on the dolphin at his feet hints at the origin of the genes Julia, namely Venus or Aphrodite, the goddess of love.

The Trent Affair in the Civil War

The Trent Affair in the Civil War Trent Affair - Background: As the secession crisis progressed in early 1861, the departing states came together to form the new Confederate States of America. In February, Jefferson Davis was elected president and began working to achieve foreign recognition for the Confederacy. That month, he dispatched William Lowndes Yancey, Pierre Rost, and Ambrose Dudley Mann to Europe with orders to explain the Confederate position and endeavor to obtain support from Britain and France. Having just learned of the attack on Fort Sumter, the commissioners met with British Foreign Secretary Lord Russell on May 3. In the course of the meeting, they explained the Confederacys position and emphasized the importance of Southern cotton to British textile mills. Following the meeting, Russell recommended to Queen Victoria that Britain issue a declaration of neutrality in regard to the American Civil War. This was done on May 13. The declaration was immediately protested by the American ambassador, Charles Francis Adams, as it conveyed a recognition of belligerency. This afforded Confederate ships the same privileges given American ships in neutral ports and was seen as the first step toward diplomatic recognition. Though the British communicated with the Confederates through back channels during the summer, Russell rebuffed Yanceys request for a meeting shortly after the Southern victory at the First Battle of Bull Run. Writing on August 24, Russell informed him that the British government considered the conflict an internal matter and that its position would not alter unless battlefield developments or a move towards a peaceful settlement required it to change. Frustrated by a lack of progress, Davis decided to send two new commissioners to Britain. Trent Affair - Mason Slidell: For the mission, Davis chose James Mason, a former chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and John Slidell, who had served as an American negotiator during the Mexican-American War. The two men were to emphasize the Confederacys strengthened position and the potential commercial benefits of trade between Britain, France, and the South. Traveling to Charleston, SC, Mason and Slidell intended to embark aboard CSS Nashville (2 guns) for the voyage to Britain. As Nashville appeared unable to evade the Union blockade, they instead boarded the smaller steamer Theodora. Using side channels, the steamer was able to evade the Union ships and arrived at Nassau, Bahamas. Finding they had missed their connection to St. Thomas, where they had planned to board a ship for Britain, the commissioners elected to travel to Cuba with the hope of catching a British mail packet. Forced to wait three weeks, they finally boarded the paddle steamer RMS Trent. Aware of the Confederate mission, Union Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles directed Flag Officer Samuel Du Pont to send a warship in pursuit of Nashville, which ultimately did sail, with goal of intercepting Mason and Slidell. Trent Affair - Wilkes Takes Action: On October 13, USS San Jacinto (6) arrived at St. Thomas after a patrol in African waters. Though under orders to head north for an attack against Port Royal, SC, its commander, Captain Charles Wilkes, elected to sail for Cienfuegos, Cuba after learning that CSS Sumter (5) was in the area. Arriving off Cuba, Wilkes learned that Mason and Slidell would be sailing aboard Trent on November 7. Though a well-known explorer, Wilkes had a reputation for insubordination and impulsive action. Seeing an opportunity, he took San Jacinto to the Bahama Channel with the goal of intercepting Trent. Discussing the legality of stopping the British ship, Wilkes and his executive officer, Lieutenant Donald Fairfax, consulted legal references and decided that Mason and Slidell could be considered contraband which would allow their removal from a neutral ship. On November 8, Trent was spotted and was brought to after San Jacinto fired two warning shots. Boarding the British ship, Fairfax had orders to remove Slidell, Mason, and their secretaries, as well as to take possession of Trent as a prize. Though he sent the Confederate agents across to San Jacinto, Fairfax convinced Wilkes not to make a prize of Trent. Somewhat uncertain of the legality of their actions, Fairfax reached this conclusion as San Jacinto lacked sufficient sailors to provide a prize crew and he did not wish to inconvenience the other passengers. Unfortunately, international law required that any ship carrying contraband be brought to port for adjudication. Departing the scene, Wilkes sailed for Hampton Roads. Arriving he received orders to take Mason and Slidell to Fort Warren in Boston, MA. Delivering the prisoners, Wilkes was hailed as a hero and banquets were given in his honor. Trent Affair - International Reaction: Though Wilkes was feted and initially praised by leaders in Washington, some questioned the legality of his actions. Welles was pleased with the capture, but expressed concern that Trent was not brought to a prize court. As November passed, many in the North began to realize that Wilkes actions may have been excessive and lacked legal precedent. Others commented that Mason and Slidells removal was similar to the impressment practiced by the Royal Navy which had contributed to War of 1812. As a result, public opinion began to swing towards releasing the men in order to avoid trouble with Britain. News of the Trent Affair reached London on November 27 and immediately incited public outrage. Angered, the government of Lord Palmerston viewed the incident as a violation of maritime law. As a possible war loomed between the United States and Britain, Adams and Secretary of State William Seward worked with Russell to diffuse the crisis with the former clearly stating that Wilkes acted without orders. Demanding the release of the Confederate commissioners and an apology, the British began reinforcing their military position in Canada. Meeting with his cabinet on December 25, President Abraham Lincoln listened as Seward outlined a possible solution which would appease the British but also preserve support at home. Seward stated that while stopping Trent had been consistent with international law, the failure to take it port was a severe error on the part of Wilkes. As such, the Confederates should be released â€Å"to do to the British nation just what we have always insisted all nations ought to do to us.† This position was accepted by Lincoln and two days later was presented to the British ambassador, Lord Lyons. Though Sewards statement offered no apology, it was viewed favorably in London and the crisis passed. Trent Affair - Aftermath: Released from Fort Warren, Mason, Slidell, and their secretaries embarked aboard HMS Rinaldo (17) for St. Thomas before traveling on to Britain. Though viewed as a diplomatic victory by the British, the Trent Affair showed American resolve to defend itself while also complying with international law. The crisis also worked to slow the European drive to offer the Confederacy diplomatic recognition. Though the threat of recognition and international intervention continued to loom through 1862, it receded following the Battle of Antietam and Emancipation Proclamation. With the focus of the war shifted to eliminating slavery, European nations were less enthusiastic about establishing an official connection with the South. Selected Sources US State Department: Trent AffairCivil War: The Trent Affair Library of Congress: Trent Affair

Delegating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Delegating - Essay Example Delegating is a critical skill for supervisors. Ultimately, the supervisor retains responsibility for the attainment of the goals, but chooses to achieve the goals by delegating to someone else. In the Adult Training and Employment Services (ATES) at The Center Serving Persons with Mental Retardation there are several Managers who delegate to their employees. In supported employment the supervisor delegates to three employment specialist. The supervisor assists in developing employees in order to strengthen the organization. Although the employment specialist job role is an emerging profession, few managers can refute the importance of these direct service staff to the overall performance of their supported employment programs. The supervisor in supported employment uses the three R's: risk, responsibility, and rewards in delegating staff. The three R's contribute to staff job challenges by setting in motion a supervisory style which encourages and rewards staff creativity, innovation, and governorship of their work. A risk adds an element of excitement to a job and encourages staff curiosity and learning. Supervisors can encourage their employees to take responsibility for their jobs by establishing measurable performance goals and operating guidelines. The supervisor takes every opportunity to promote the good works of the staff and assure they receive proper recognition for a job well done. The supervisor assists in developing employees in order to strengthen the organization. He or she gives up the authority to make decisions that are best made by subordinates. This means that the supervisor allows subordinates the freedom to make mistakes and learn from them. He or she does not supervise subordinates' decision-making, but allows them the opportunity to develop their own skills. The supervisor lets subordinates know that he or she is willing to help, but not willing to do their jobs for them. The supervisor is not convinced that the best way for employees to learn is by telling them how to solve a problem. This results in those subordinates becoming dependent on the supervisor. The supervisor allows employees the opportunity to achieve and be credited for it. Equally important to delegate is the idea that when a subordinate is given responsibility for a job, they must also be given the degree of how to perform the job and how to carry it out. For effective delegating the authority granted given to an employee must equal the assigned task. The key to delegating is to delegate gradually. When it comes to delegation, the manager can not delegate their duties to everyone they work with. They delegate their duties to responsible employees within the organization whom they can depend up that those duties will be attended to with a lot of professionalism. When one is delegated a certain task, he take full responsibility of performing it with diligence and ensures that they work hand in hand with other employees within the organization to ensure that organizational goals and objectives are achieved. Delegation is a term that was used even in the ancient days where someone was given full responsibility of certain activities or to run a certain activities on behalf the owner and in turn report to him, about all the activities that took place while he was away. For this case, when one delegates

Hispanic American Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Hispanic American Diversity - Research Paper Example Among them, the majority are the Hispanics, and because of the increase in their population, they are on the verge of becoming the largest minority group in America, surpassing even the African American population. â€Å"For a country long used to seeing itself as black and white, it will be something of a shock when Hispanics become the nations largest minority group in five years and fully one-quarter of the population by mid-century.† (Robinson). Although Hispanics have a common culture and a common language of Spanish language, they are subdivided into four groups based on their native place’s culture. The four Hispanic groups are Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans and Colombian Americans. Among the total population of Hispanics in America, Mexican Americans constitutes the largest group in terms of numbers. Linguistically they speak the common language of Spanish. Having large numbers in various constituencies in many states, the Mexican American group can influence vote swings during elections and also the political policies. Their social life mainly revolves around their immediate as well as extended family. Within the family, the male head will take care of the household expenses, while the female is responsible for all the household duties. They mainly follow the social customs of their native place, during most social occasions and also during religious festivals. All the Mexican Americans are Christian by religion; they are divided into Roman Catholics and Protestants. However, when their economic condition is viewed, it does not show a positive reading. As stated by Gaudette (2006), â€Å"The average household income of Mexican-Americans is 40 percent below t hat of non-Hispanic whites, due largely to lower education levels than nearly all other racial and ethnic groups, a new report shows†. Quite contrastingly to other Hispanic groups, Puerto